The water ceremony looked back to the water from the rock in the wilderness. On the other hand, it also pointed forward to the Messianic era when there would be an abundance of water (Ezek 47:1–12; Joel 3:18; Zech 14:8: “On that day living waters shall flow out from Jerusalem”). The expectation of living water is sometimes connected with the gift of the Spirit (Isa 44:3; Joel 2:28). Indeed the Jerusalem Talmud (j. Sukkah 5:1) connects the water libation of Tabernacles with the gift of the Spirit:
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